Exploring Digital Twin Technology for Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition

Digital twin (DT) technology has recently become a crucial innovation in manufacturing, especially in additive manufacturing (AM). A digital twin is a virtual model that replicates the physical traits, actions, and functions of a real-world process or object in real time (Ref. 1) — Fig. 1. A digital twin enables continuous monitoring, control, and enhancement of the manufacturing process via data streams and advanced models. Implementing DT technology in directed energy deposition (DED) is vital due to the challeng..