Facts at Your Fingertips

Facts at Your Fingertips

ANSI Z49.1, Safety Sheets, Guidance & Literature Documents

Building a strong foundation of safety knowledge starts with access to reliable resources. That's why the American Welding Society provides these resources at no cost to help advance understanding of occupational health, environmental effects, and safe practices across welding and allied processes.

Considerations About Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW)

Considerations About Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW)

Considerations About Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW)

This publication addresses various aspects of HLBW, the current state of the art, safety, quality considerations, and qualifications.

The purpose of this document is to present general recommendations and best practice examples for laser safety, education, qualification, and metallurgical considerations related to HLBW. This document has been created by experts and is supported by IIW, EWF, EWA and AWS.

Considerations About Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW)

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  • Z49.1
  • Fact Sheets
  • Guidance
  • Literature
  • Specifications
  • Sample Forms
  • Other Resources
AWS/ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

AWS/ANSI Z49.1:2021. Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

This standard covers all aspects of safety and health in the welding environment. It contains information on protection of personnel and the general area, ventilation, fire prevention and protection, and confined spaces.

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AWS/ANSI Z49.1:2012. Seguridad de los Procesos de Soldadura, Corte, y Afines (Spanish)

Esta norma incluye todos los aspectos de la seguridad y la salud en el ambiente de soldadura. Contiene información sobre la protección del personal y el área general, ventilación, prevención y protección contra incendios y espacios confinados.

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AWS believes that everyone should readily obtain safety and health information and as such provides the information for free.

1. Fumes and Gases

2. Radiation

3. Noise

4. Chromium and Nickel in Welding Fume

5. Electrical Hazards

6. Fire and Explosion Prevention

7. Burn Protection

8. Mechanical Hazards

9. Tripping and Falling

10. Falling Objects

11. Confined Spaces

12. Contact Lens Wear

13. Ergonomics in the Welding Environment

14. Graphic Symbols for Precautionary Labels

15. Style Guidelines for Safety and Health Documents

16. Implantable Medical Devices and Electric Welding/Cutting

17. Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) in Welding

18. Lockout/Tagout/Tryout

19. Laser Welding and Cutting Safety

20. Thermal Spraying Safety

21. Resistance Welding

22. Cadmium Exposure from Welding and Allied Processes

23. California Proposition 65

24. Fluxes for Arc Welding and Brazing: Safe Handling and Use

25. Metal Fume Fever

26. Arc Viewing Distance

27. Thoriated Tungsten Electrodes

28. Oxyfuel Safety: Check Valves and Flashback Arrestors

29. Grounding of Portable and Vehicle Mounted Welding Generators

30. Cylinders: Safe Storage, Handling, and Use

31. Eye and Face Protection for Welding and Cutting Operations

32. GHS – and Hazard Communications for the Welder

33. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Welding and Cutting

34. Coated Steels: Welding and Cutting Safety Concerns

35. Welding Safety in Education and Schools

36. Ventilation for Welding and Cutting

37. Selecting Gloves for Welding and Cutting

38. Respiratory Protection Basics for Welding Operations

39. Welding Cables

40. Asbestos Hazards Encountered in the Welding and Cutting Environment

41. Combustible Dust Hazards in the Welding and Cutting Environment

42. Ultraviolet Reflectance by Paint

43. Induction Heating

44. Occupational Exposure Limits - What Welders Should Know

45. Heat Stress Prevention for Welding and Hot Work

46. Handheld Laser Welding Safety

Considerations about Handheld Laser Beam Welding

Considerations about Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW)

This publication provides expert guidance on Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW), covering safety, quality, education, qualification, and metallurgical considerations. It offers general recommendations and best practices supported by IIW, EWF, EWA, and AWS.

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IARC Evaluation

IARC Evaluation

AWS commissioned independent reviews of the IARC’s 2018 reclassification of welding fumes as carcinogenic. AWS recommends following ANSI Z49.1 and all applicable manufacturer safety guidance, including SDSs and product instructions.

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Duke Study on Manganese

Duke Study on Manganese

Does scientific and medical literature support concerns that some have expressed about exposure on manganese in welding fume?

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IIW Statement on Manganese

IIW Statement on Manganese

AWS as a sponsor body of the American Council of IIW, has received the following statement on Manganese.

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AWS QC1:2016-AMD1, Specification for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors

This specification defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify welding inspectors. The certification of visual welding inspectors requires documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of an examination, and proof of visual acuity. The examination tests the inspector’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive tests, terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety, and responsibilities.

AWS QC5:91, Standard for Certification of Welding Educators

This Standard describes a program directed by the American Welding Society for the certification of Welding Educators.

AWS QC10:2017, Specification for Qualification and Certification of Level I – Entry Welders

This specification that defines the requirements for trainees to receive an AWS SENSE training certificate for full or partial completion of the Level I—Entry Welder program. It also specifies the requirements for SENSE training organizations in order to submit trainees for a full or partial AWS training certificate and inclusion in the AWS SENSE Certificate Database. AWS QC10 is the governing specification for AWS EG2.0, Guide for the Training of Welding Personnel: SENSE Level I—Entry Welders

AWS QC11:2017, Specification for Qualification and Certification of SENSE Level II – Advanced Welders

This standard defines the requirements for the American Welding Society to enter a SENSE Level II—Advanced Welder into the AWS Sense Certificate Database. It also specifies the responsibilities of the training organization and the trainee in the SENSE credential process. AWS QC11 is the governing specification for AWS EG3.0, Guide for the Training of Welding Personnel: SENSE Level II—Advanced Welders

AWS QC13:2006, Specification for the Certification of Welding Supervisors

This standard defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify welding supervisors. The certification of visual welding supervisors requires documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of an examination, and proof of visual acuity. The examination tests the supervisor’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive tests, terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety and responsibilities.

AWS QC14:2009, Specification for the Certification of Welding Sales Representatives

This standard defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify welding sales representatives. The certification of welding sales representatives requires documentation of experience and satisfactory completion of an examination. The examination tests the sales representative’s knowledge of welding processes, terms, definitions, safety, and responsibilities.

AWS QC15:2008-AMD1, Specification for the Certification of Radiographic Interpreters

The AWS program for the certification of radiographic interpreters has been developed to define the minimum standards for a radiographic interpreter and to provide a means of recognition for those who demonstrate through examination that they have the necessary skill, knowledge, and experience in the field of radiographic interpretation of welds. AWS QC15:2008 describes the requirements and procedures for the certification of radiographic interpreters based on the qualification requirements of AWS B5.15:2003, Specification for the Qualification of Radiographic Interpreters. The certification of radiographic interpreters requires documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of an examination, and proof of visual acuity.

AWS QC17:2015, Specification for AWS Accreditation of Certified Welding Fabricators

This specification establishes the procedure by which a welding fabricator may seek, obtain, and maintain accreditation from AWS to participate in the AWS Certified Welding Fabricator Program. This standard also defines the requirements for a company’s compliance with welding-related functions as described in AWS B5.17, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Fabricators.

AWS QC19:2002, Standard for the AWS Certification of Robotic Arc Welding Personnel (2nd Printing, April 2009)

This standard defines the certification program for the American Welding Society for use in the Certification of Automated Process Operators and Technicians. These certifications require documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of both written and practical examinations. The examination tests the CRAW's knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive and non-destructive tests, welding terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety, quality assurance and responsibilities, robot programming and robot arc welding, and other related subjects. Successful completion of all requirements constitutes the basis for awarding a certification as a Robotic Arc Welding Technician or Robotic Arc Welding Operator.

AWS QC20:2020, Specification for AWS Certification of Resistance Welding Technicians

This specification defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify resistance welding technicians (CRWT). This certification requires documentation of education, experience, and satisfactory completion of an examination. The examination tests the CRWT’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive and nondestructive tests, welding terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety, quality assurance and responsibilities, machine setup, and other related subjects. Successful completion of all requirements constitutes the basis for awarding a certification as a Resistance Welding Technician.

AWS QC47:2016-AMD3, Specification for AWS Certification of Welders and Accreditation of Test Facilities

This specification describes a program administrated by the American Welding Society (AWS) for accreditation of test facilities used to perform welder qualification and testing for the certification of welders. The AWS Certified Welder Program provides a means for the transference of welder qualifications from employer to employer without retesting. This specification defines the minimum requirements for welder participation in the program and the methods to be used by employers for adopting the program.

AWS B2.1/B2.1M-BMG:2021, Base Metal Grouping for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification

This document provides the AWS base metal grouping for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification, and is identical to Annex C of AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2021,Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification.

AWS B5.1:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors

This standard defines the qualification requirements to qualify welding inspectors. The qualification requirements for visual welding inspectors include experience and satisfactory completion of an examination, which includes demonstrated capabilities, and proof of visual acuity. The examination tests the inspector’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, nondestructive examinations, destructive tests, terms, definitions, symbols, reports, welding metallurgy, related mathematics, safety, quality assurance, and responsibilities.

AWS B5.4:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Welder Test Facilities

This specification defines the requirements for the qualification of welder test facilities.

AWS B5.5:2000, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Educators (Historical)

This specification defines the requirements and program to qualify Welding Educators. The qualification of a Welding Educator is determined by a combination of education and experience, satisfactory demonstration of welding performance qualification tests, and written and practical examinations. The written examination demonstrates the educator's knowledge of welding processes, weld discontinuities, destructive and nondestructive test methods, safety, welding metallurgy, weld symbols, basic arithmetic, codes, and other standards.

AWS B5.9:2006, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Supervisors (Historical)

This standard describes the requirements for qualification as a Welding Supervisor and Senior Welding Supervisor. The requirements include education, experience, and a written examination. This standard also covers the levels of qualification and the job functions a qualified Welding Supervisor should be able to perform.

AWS B5.15:2010, Specification for the Qualification of Radiographic Interpreters

This specification defines the requirements for the qualification of radiographic interpreters, including experience, knowledge, and skills unique to the interpretation of radiographic media and the determination of acceptance criteria for weldments and adjacent base metal. Essential to ensuring the competence of individuals engaged in radiographic interpretation are training and work experience in radiographic theory, procedures, weld and adjacent base metal defect recognition, radiographic processing, handling, storage, and code requirements relating to radiographic acceptance criteria. ANSI Approved.

AWS B5.16:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Engineering Personnel

This specification establishes the requirements for qualification of Welding Engineering Technologists and Welding Engineers employed in the welding industry. The minimum experience, examination, application, qualification, and requalification requirements and methods are defined herein. This specification is a method for engineering personnel to establish a record of their qualification and abilities in welding industry work such as development of procedures, processes controls, quality standards, problem solving, etc.

AWS B5.17:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Fabricators

This standard establishes the minimum requirements necessary to qualify as a Welding Fabricator. The qualification is determined based on an examination of the implementation of the fabricator’s Quality Manual to verify compliance with the requirements defined in this specification. This document also defines the Welding Fabricator's functions and lists the minimum reference materials that the Welding Fabricator should possess.

AWS D16.4M/D16.4:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Robotic Arc Welding Personnel

This specification provides requirements for the qualification of robotic arc welding personnel at three different classifications–Associate Technician (AT), Technician (T), and Engineer (Eng).

Other Helpful Resources

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Errata, Addenda, and Amendments

On occasion, updates are made to correct errors in information, or to add supplementary essential information. Here’s where to find that info.

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Welding Journal Research Supplement

Relevant research papers by the world’s foremost scientists, engineers, scholars and industry professionals.
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Sections & Districts

Local sections are the heart of AWS. These local groups help to shape our advancement as a global organization and the welding industry in general.