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Facts at Your Fingertips
Facts at Your Fingertips
ANSI Z49.1, Safety Sheets, Guidance & Literature Documents
Building a strong foundation of safety knowledge starts with access to reliable resources. That's why the American Welding Society provides these resources at no cost to help advance understanding of occupational health, environmental effects, and safe practices across welding and allied processes.
Considerations About Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW)
This publication addresses various aspects of HLBW, the current state of the art, safety, quality considerations, and qualifications.
The purpose of this document is to present general recommendations and best practice examples for laser safety, education, qualification, and metallurgical considerations related to HLBW. This document has been created by experts and is supported by IIW, EWF, EWA and AWS.
Find your resource here
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Z49.1
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Fact Sheets
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Guidance
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Literature
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Specifications
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Sample Forms
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Other Resources
AWS/ANSI Z49.1:2021. Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes
This standard covers all aspects of safety and health in the welding environment. It contains information on protection of personnel and the general area, ventilation, fire prevention and protection, and confined spaces.
DOWNLOADAWS/ANSI Z49.1:2012. Seguridad de los Procesos de Soldadura, Corte, y Afines (Spanish)
Esta norma incluye todos los aspectos de la seguridad y la salud en el ambiente de soldadura. Contiene información sobre la protección del personal y el área general, ventilación, prevención y protección contra incendios y espacios confinados.
DESCARGARAWS believes that everyone should readily obtain safety and health information and as such provides the information for free.
4. Chromium and Nickel in Welding Fume
6. Fire and Explosion Prevention
13. Ergonomics in the Welding Environment
14. Graphic Symbols for Precautionary Labels
15. Style Guidelines for Safety and Health Documents
16. Implantable Medical Devices and Electric Welding/Cutting
17. Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) in Welding
19. Laser Welding and Cutting Safety
22. Cadmium Exposure from Welding and Allied Processes
24. Fluxes for Arc Welding and Brazing: Safe Handling and Use
27. Thoriated Tungsten Electrodes
28. Oxyfuel Safety: Check Valves and Flashback Arrestors
29. Grounding of Portable and Vehicle Mounted Welding Generators
30. Cylinders: Safe Storage, Handling, and Use
31. Eye and Face Protection for Welding and Cutting Operations
32. GHS – and Hazard Communications for the Welder
33. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Welding and Cutting
34. Coated Steels: Welding and Cutting Safety Concerns
35. Welding Safety in Education and Schools
36. Ventilation for Welding and Cutting
37. Selecting Gloves for Welding and Cutting
38. Respiratory Protection Basics for Welding Operations
40. Asbestos Hazards Encountered in the Welding and Cutting Environment
41. Combustible Dust Hazards in the Welding and Cutting Environment
42. Ultraviolet Reflectance by Paint
44. Occupational Exposure Limits - What Welders Should Know
Considerations about Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW)
This publication provides expert guidance on Handheld Laser Beam Welding (HLBW), covering safety, quality, education, qualification, and metallurgical considerations. It offers general recommendations and best practices supported by IIW, EWF, EWA, and AWS.
READ DOCUMENTIARC Evaluation
AWS commissioned independent reviews of the IARC’s 2018 reclassification of welding fumes as carcinogenic. AWS recommends following ANSI Z49.1 and all applicable manufacturer safety guidance, including SDSs and product instructions.
READ DOCUMENTDuke Study on Manganese
Does scientific and medical literature support concerns that some have expressed about exposure on manganese in welding fume?
READ DOCUMENTIIW Statement on Manganese
AWS as a sponsor body of the American Council of IIW, has received the following statement on Manganese.
READ DOCUMENT
Effects of Welding on Health
Effects of Welding on Health, Index I through XIV
Effects of Welding on Health – I
Effects of Welding on Health – II
Effects of Welding on Health – III
Effects of Welding on Health – IV
Effects of Welding on Health – V
Effects of Welding on Health – VI
Effects of Welding on Health – VII
Effects of Welding on Health – VIII
Effects of Welding on Health – IX
Effects of Welding on Health – X
Effects of Welding on Health – XI
Effects of Welding on Health – XII
Effects of Welding on Health – XIII
Effects of Welding on Health – XIV
Effects of Welding on Health 2010 - 2012
Effects of Welding on Health 2013
Effects of Welding on Health 2014
Effects of Welding on Health 2015
Effects of Welding on Health 2016
Effects of Welding on Health 2017
Effects of Welding on Health 2018 - 2019
Effects of Welding on Health 2019 - 2020
Effects of Welding on Health 2020 - 2021
Effects of Welding on Health 2022
AWS QC1:2016-AMD1, Specification for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors
This specification defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify welding inspectors. The certification of visual welding inspectors requires documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of an examination, and proof of visual acuity. The examination tests the inspector’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive tests, terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety, and responsibilities.
AWS QC5:91, Standard for Certification of Welding Educators
This Standard describes a program directed by the American Welding Society for the certification of Welding Educators.
AWS QC10:2017, Specification for Qualification and Certification of Level I – Entry Welders
This specification that defines the requirements for trainees to receive an AWS SENSE training certificate for full or partial completion of the Level I—Entry Welder program. It also specifies the requirements for SENSE training organizations in order to submit trainees for a full or partial AWS training certificate and inclusion in the AWS SENSE Certificate Database. AWS QC10 is the governing specification for AWS EG2.0, Guide for the Training of Welding Personnel: SENSE Level I—Entry Welders
This standard defines the requirements for the American Welding Society to enter a SENSE Level II—Advanced Welder into the AWS Sense Certificate Database. It also specifies the responsibilities of the training organization and the trainee in the SENSE credential process. AWS QC11 is the governing specification for AWS EG3.0, Guide for the Training of Welding Personnel: SENSE Level II—Advanced Welders
AWS QC13:2006, Specification for the Certification of Welding Supervisors
This standard defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify welding supervisors. The certification of visual welding supervisors requires documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of an examination, and proof of visual acuity. The examination tests the supervisor’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive tests, terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety and responsibilities.
AWS QC14:2009, Specification for the Certification of Welding Sales Representatives
This standard defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify welding sales representatives. The certification of welding sales representatives requires documentation of experience and satisfactory completion of an examination. The examination tests the sales representative’s knowledge of welding processes, terms, definitions, safety, and responsibilities.
AWS QC15:2008-AMD1, Specification for the Certification of Radiographic Interpreters
The AWS program for the certification of radiographic interpreters has been developed to define the minimum standards for a radiographic interpreter and to provide a means of recognition for those who demonstrate through examination that they have the necessary skill, knowledge, and experience in the field of radiographic interpretation of welds. AWS QC15:2008 describes the requirements and procedures for the certification of radiographic interpreters based on the qualification requirements of AWS B5.15:2003, Specification for the Qualification of Radiographic Interpreters. The certification of radiographic interpreters requires documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of an examination, and proof of visual acuity.
AWS QC17:2015, Specification for AWS Accreditation of Certified Welding Fabricators
This specification establishes the procedure by which a welding fabricator may seek, obtain, and maintain accreditation from AWS to participate in the AWS Certified Welding Fabricator Program. This standard also defines the requirements for a company’s compliance with welding-related functions as described in AWS B5.17, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Fabricators.
This standard defines the certification program for the American Welding Society for use in the Certification of Automated Process Operators and Technicians. These certifications require documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of both written and practical examinations. The examination tests the CRAW's knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive and non-destructive tests, welding terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety, quality assurance and responsibilities, robot programming and robot arc welding, and other related subjects. Successful completion of all requirements constitutes the basis for awarding a certification as a Robotic Arc Welding Technician or Robotic Arc Welding Operator.
AWS QC20:2020, Specification for AWS Certification of Resistance Welding Technicians
This specification defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify resistance welding technicians (CRWT). This certification requires documentation of education, experience, and satisfactory completion of an examination. The examination tests the CRWT’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive and nondestructive tests, welding terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety, quality assurance and responsibilities, machine setup, and other related subjects. Successful completion of all requirements constitutes the basis for awarding a certification as a Resistance Welding Technician.
This specification describes a program administrated by the American Welding Society (AWS) for accreditation of test facilities used to perform welder qualification and testing for the certification of welders. The AWS Certified Welder Program provides a means for the transference of welder qualifications from employer to employer without retesting. This specification defines the minimum requirements for welder participation in the program and the methods to be used by employers for adopting the program.
AWS B2.1/B2.1M-BMG:2021, Base Metal Grouping for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification
This document provides the AWS base metal grouping for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification, and is identical to Annex C of AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2021,Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification.
AWS B5.1:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors
This standard defines the qualification requirements to qualify welding inspectors. The qualification requirements for visual welding inspectors include experience and satisfactory completion of an examination, which includes demonstrated capabilities, and proof of visual acuity. The examination tests the inspector’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, nondestructive examinations, destructive tests, terms, definitions, symbols, reports, welding metallurgy, related mathematics, safety, quality assurance, and responsibilities.
AWS B5.4:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Welder Test Facilities
This specification defines the requirements for the qualification of welder test facilities.
AWS B5.5:2000, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Educators (Historical)
This specification defines the requirements and program to qualify Welding Educators. The qualification of a Welding Educator is determined by a combination of education and experience, satisfactory demonstration of welding performance qualification tests, and written and practical examinations. The written examination demonstrates the educator's knowledge of welding processes, weld discontinuities, destructive and nondestructive test methods, safety, welding metallurgy, weld symbols, basic arithmetic, codes, and other standards.
AWS B5.9:2006, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Supervisors (Historical)
This standard describes the requirements for qualification as a Welding Supervisor and Senior Welding Supervisor. The requirements include education, experience, and a written examination. This standard also covers the levels of qualification and the job functions a qualified Welding Supervisor should be able to perform.
AWS B5.15:2010, Specification for the Qualification of Radiographic Interpreters
This specification defines the requirements for the qualification of radiographic interpreters, including experience, knowledge, and skills unique to the interpretation of radiographic media and the determination of acceptance criteria for weldments and adjacent base metal. Essential to ensuring the competence of individuals engaged in radiographic interpretation are training and work experience in radiographic theory, procedures, weld and adjacent base metal defect recognition, radiographic processing, handling, storage, and code requirements relating to radiographic acceptance criteria. ANSI Approved.
AWS B5.16:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Engineering Personnel
This specification establishes the requirements for qualification of Welding Engineering Technologists and Welding Engineers employed in the welding industry. The minimum experience, examination, application, qualification, and requalification requirements and methods are defined herein. This specification is a method for engineering personnel to establish a record of their qualification and abilities in welding industry work such as development of procedures, processes controls, quality standards, problem solving, etc.
AWS B5.17:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Fabricators
This standard establishes the minimum requirements necessary to qualify as a Welding Fabricator. The qualification is determined based on an examination of the implementation of the fabricator’s Quality Manual to verify compliance with the requirements defined in this specification. This document also defines the Welding Fabricator's functions and lists the minimum reference materials that the Welding Fabricator should possess.
AWS D16.4M/D16.4:2025, Specification for the Qualification of Robotic Arc Welding Personnel
This specification provides requirements for the qualification of robotic arc welding personnel at three different classifications–Associate Technician (AT), Technician (T), and Engineer (Eng).
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D1.1 Forms
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D1.2 Forms
AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014, Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) - Form E(a)
AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014, Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) - Form E(b)
AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014, Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Stud Welding Applications - Form E(d)
AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014, Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) for Stud Welding Applications - Form E(e)
AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014, Report of Radiographic Examination of Welds - Form F(a)
AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2014, Report of Visual and Penetrant Examination - Form F(b)
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D1.3 Forms
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D1.4 Forms
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D1.5 Forms
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-1 – Certificate of Conformance to Requirements for Welding Electrodes
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-2 – Sample Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-3 – Sample Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-4 – Sample Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) Worksheet
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-5 – Sample Fillet Weld Soundness Test
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-6 – Sample Welder and Welding Operator Qualification Record
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-7 – Report of Radiographic Examination of Welds
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-8 – Report of Magnetic Particle Examination of Welds
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-9 – ESW-NG Procedure Qualification Record
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025, Form N-10 – ESW-NG Welding Procedure Specification
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020, Form N-1 – Certificate of Conformance to Requirements for Welding Electrodes
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020, Form N-2 – Sample Welding Procedure Specification
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020, Form N-4 – Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) Worksheet
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020, Form N-5 – Welder and Welding Operator Qualification Record
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020, Form N-6 – Report of Radiographic Examination of Welds
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020, Form N-7 – Report of Magnetic Particle Examination of Welds
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020, Form N-8 – ESW-NG Procedure Qualification Record
AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2020, Form N-9 – ESW-NG Welding Procedure Specification
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D1.6 Forms
AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2017-AMD1, Annex H - Form H-2 – Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) Test Results
AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2017-AMD1, Annex H - Form H-3 – Welder and Welding Operator Qualification Test Record
AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2017-AMD1, Annex H - Form H-4 – Stud Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2017-AMD1, Annex H - Form H-4 – Stud Welding Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2017-AMD1, Annex H - Form H-4 – Preproduction Testing Form
AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2017-AMD1, Annex J - Form J-1 – Ultrasonic Unit Certification
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D1.9 Forms
AWS D1.9/D1.9M:2015, Annex A - Titanium Armor Welding Data Sheet #1 - Welded Armor Data
AWS D1.9/D1.9M:2015, Annex A - Titanium Armor Welding Data Sheet #2 - Armor Plate Data
AWS D1.9/D1.9M:2015, Annex A - Titanium Armor Welding Data Sheet #3 - Weld Radiographic Report
AWS D1.9/D1.9M:2015, Annex D - Form D-2 - Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) Test Results
AWS D1.9/D1.9M:2015, Annex D - Form D-4 - Report of Radiographic Examination of Welds
AWS D1.9/D1.9M:2015, Annex D - Form D-5 - Report of Penetrant Examination of Welds
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D9.1 Forms
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D10.10 Forms
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D10.22 Forms
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D14.1 Forms
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D15.1 Forms
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Prequalified Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Test Qualified Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Welder and Welding Operator Qualification Record
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Report of Radiographic Examination of Welds
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Report of Magnetic Particle Examination of Welds
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) (For Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys)
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Sample Form for Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Report of Radiographic Examination of Welds
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2019, Report of Visual and Dye-Penetrant Examination
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D17.1 Forms
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B2.1 Forms
AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014-AMD1, Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) for SAW, SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW
AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014-AMD1, Stud WPS or PQR or WPR Form
AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014-AMD1, Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
AWS B2.1/B2.1M:2014-AMD1, WPS Qualification Test Record for Electroslag and Electrogas Welding
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C7.3 Forms
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C7.4 Forms
Accuris Engineering Workbench (EWB) Instructions
Introduction to Quality Assurance in Welding
Other Helpful Resources
Errata, Addenda, and Amendments
On occasion, updates are made to correct errors in information, or to add supplementary essential information. Here’s where to find that info.
Welding Journal Research Supplement
Sections & Districts
Local sections are the heart of AWS. These local groups help to shape our advancement as a global organization and the welding industry in general.