Brazing & Soldering Papers
The following articles from the Welding Journal are now available online:
Brazing & Soldering Today
Welding Journal – January 2022
- Perfecting Materials for Challenging Industrial Environments
Using brazing to create wear-resistant surfaces and manufacture components with complex cooling structures
By Sabrina Michelle Puidokas and Bernard Kuntzmann - Technology News
Prepared by Alexander E. Shapiro
Welding Journal – September 2021
- Finding Lost Revenue in Your Brazing Process
This article explores potential opportunities to recover value in precious metals contained in used brazing alloys
By Grayson Alexy - Computational Modeling Demonstrated the Joint Clearance Effect on the Tensile Strength of Solder Joints
A computational modeling study was performed to provide a quantitative assessment of joint strength as a function of the joint clearance and displacement rate
By Paul T. Vianco and Michael K. Neilson - How Automation Trends Influence Hand Soldering, Rework, and Repair
Manufacturers of hand-soldering tools and equipment are driving new innovations to meet challenges and help improve productivity, quality, and cost management of hand-sodlering processes
By Joshua Edberg - Implementing Brazing Alloy Designs with Man-Machine Interaction
A study on solving the long tail problem in the materials industry with machine learning
By Leo A. Shapiro and Alexander E. Shapiro - Technology News
Prepared by Alexander E. Shapiro
Welding Journal – June 2020
- Brazing Titanium in Air
This study shows titanium can be brazed in air if the appropriate fluxes and alloys are used
By Yehuda Baskin, William Avery, and Rebecca Zronek - The Path to Braze Quality
A comprehensive evaluation of the brazing process is necessary to improve production results
By Robert Henson - Technology News
Prepared by Alexander Shapiro
Welding Journal – January 2019
- Brazing 101: Induction Heating
The basics of this heating method, often used as a step in the brazing process, are explained
By W.A. Morrison - Filler Metal Control in Sinter Brazing
The ability to join two components while sintering has enabled the industry to broaden its capabilities
By K.H. Bear et al - Brazing with Photochemical-Etched Amorphous Filler Metal Preforms
Amorphous brazing foils in a range of the thickness are ideal candidates for utilizing the photochemical etching process to manufacture preforms
By W. Coughlan and E. Theisen - Resistance Microwelding Best Practices in Braze Setup
Resistance microwelding can be a useful and powerful tool in brazing setup operations
By J. Kapur
Welding Journal – May 2018
- Techniques for Soldering to Aluminum
Oxide removal, filler metal selection, and other elements for soldering to aluminum are considered
By W.F. Avery and Y. Baskin - Testing Options for Silver-Free Brazing Alloys
Silver-free filler metals can decrease production costs
By A. E. Shapiro
Welding Journal – May 2017
- Applying Brazing Fundamentals to the Sinter Brazing Process
A better understanding of this emerging process can lead to greater success when producing complex parts
By K.H. Bear et al - What does ‘Certified’ Brazer Really Mean?
The authors explain how brazers can be qualified to an industry standard
By R. Henson and W.J. Sperko
Welding Journal – February 2016
- Understanding the Run-Out Behavior of a Ag-Cu-Zr Braze Alloy
Modifying filler metal composition or using a barrier coating on Kover™ show promise in mitigating run-out
By P.T. Vianco et al - Techniques for Successful Aluminum Vacuum-Brazed Assemblies
No need for that, high joint strength, lack of salt contamination, and capability for joining large surfaces and complex geometries are some of the advantages vacuum brazing has to offer.
By R. Caracciolo et al
Welding Journal – November 2015
- Reliability Analysis of Pin-in-Hole Solder Joints
Through-hole solder joints on a printed wiring assembly were evaluated for reliability
By P.T. Vianco and M.K. Neilson - Silver-Free Filler Metals Meet Strength Requirements in Brazed Joints
Silver-free filler metals were analyzed on spreading area, joint strength, and miscrostructure
By J.T. Marchal et al - Aim for Small, Concave Braze Fillets
This discussion explains what a braze fillet should look like and what to look for in inspecting it
By D. Kay
Welding Journal – March 2015
- Evaluation of New Silver-Free Brazing Filler Metals
The properties of brazements om low-carbon steel, stainless steel, and Ni-plated steel are characterized
By M.J. Duffey et al. - Brazing Process Promises Rapid Processing of Laminated Thin-Metals Panels
A new generation of sandwiched metal sheets for lightweight applications is in the making
By J. Gould and D. Cox
Welding Journal – Prior Editions
- Controlled-Atmosphere Induction Brazing Brightens Surface Finish
The popularity of induction brazing in a controlled atmosphere is growing
By K.K. Kuhn and R. Detty - Brazing Best Practices: 12 Tips for HVAC Technicians
See step-by-step procedures for sound fabrication of HVAC equipment
By C. Cordia and G. Mitchell
- Controlled-Atmosphere Induction Brazing Brightens Surface Finish
The popularity of induction brazing in a controlled atmosphere is growing
By K.K. Kuhn and R. Detty - Brazing Best Practices: 12 Tips for HVAC Technicians
See step-by-step procedures for sound fabrication of HVAC equipment
By C. Cordia and G. Mitchell - Brazing Ceramics to Titanium Using Amorphous Filler Metal
A study was made to determine the optimum parameters for joining metal to ceramic
By Y. H. Liu et al. - Selecting Materials for Brazing a Honeycomb in Turbine Engines
A gas turbine engine requires tight tolerances and proper brazing procedures to seal against leakage
By D. Sporer and D. Fortuna - What Matters Most in Vacuum Aluminum Brazing
Learn the process fundamentals and characteristics for success
By C. Moller and J. Grann
- Basics of Brazing with Induction Heating
Six key steps are explained for proper brazing with induction heating
By B. Daly - What's Happening with Aerospace Brazing
New brazing alloys are helping improve the thermal life of jet engine parts
By T. Sandin
- Controlled Atmosphere Brazing of Aluminum Heat Exchangers
High-production rates were attained with brazing multichannel flat-tube heat exchangers
By H. Zhao et al. - Reflow of AuSn Solder Creates Strong Joints
A fluxless soldering process produces strong joints in microelectronic applications
By I. Golosker and J. Florando
- IBSC 2012 Attracts Worldwide Audience
The 5th International Brazing and Soldering Conference drew attendees, applications, technologies, and science from around the world
By K. Campbell - Defect Assessment of Brazed Steel Components
The influence of flaws on the properties and fatigue behavior of brazed components was evaluated
By C. Leinenbach et al. - A Composite Solder Alloy Preform for High-Temperature Lead-Free Soldering Applications
A laminated preform applied with pressure provided sound solder joints
By W. Liu et al. - Managing Precious Metal Volatility in Brazing Alloys
The rising costs of precious metals have put pressure on the brazing and soldering industries to more closely manage their product production and application
By G. Alexy
- The Effects of Rework on Brazing
Maintaining process control to practical limits will minimize the time and expense of rework
By D. G. Stroppa et al. - Evaluating Low-Temperature Brazing Filler Metals for Joining Titanium
The search is on for filler metals that can join titanium below 800°C yet exhibit good joint strength
By T. Eckardt et al. - Cost Benefits of Preformed and Premixed Brazing Materials
Preformed brazing consumables can control the amount of filler metal used, reduce setup time, and provide consistent results
By J. Kapur
- Brazing Titanium and Chromium Using Ion Bombardment Heating
A plasma process that utilizes ion bombardment is suitable for brazing small electronic components using both silver- and aluminum-based filler metals
By M. Markovich, G. Fischer, and A. E. Shapiro - Select the Right Surface Finish to Improve Solderability
Solderability experiments were conducted on oxygen-free copper coupons with a nickel-palladium-gold finish
By E. P. Lopez and P. T. Vianco - Hand Soldering Basics
A new guideline for hand soldering is under development
By P. T. Vianco
- Comparing High-Temperature Nickel Brazing Filler Metals
A comparison of Ni-Cr-Si-P alloys included brazing characteristics, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength
By G. Stratford et al. - Tips for Creating Consistency in Soldering
An understanding of four factors in the soldering operation will go a long way in gaining repeatability in production
- Calculating Joint Clearance at Brazing Temperature
A simple analytic model is proposed to predict joint clearance variations when joining dissimilar metals
By D. G. Stroppa et al. - Liquation of Brazing Filler Metals – Good or Bad?
Brazing liquation is explained, and its influence on the strength of the joint is evaluated
By D. Kay - Tips for Producing Strong Soldered and Brazed Joints
Follow these steps to ensure strong and leak-free joints
By G. Mitchell
- Measuring Contact Angles on Sessile Drop Test Samples
The contact angle comparison for a copper-stainless steel system indicated the projected area and cross-section methods presented results within a 95% confidence interval
By D. G. Stroppa, J. Unfried S., T. Hermenegildo, and A. J. Ramirez - Direct Brazing of Sapphire to Niobium
The mechanisms by which niobium diffuses through liquid braze filler metal to react with sapphire were examined. - Brazing Metal to Ceramic in an Oxygen-Containing Atmosphere
An alternative to the conventional vacuum brazing process was developed for joining metal to ceramic with brazing filler metals for the manufacture of solid oxide fuel cells
By M. Stefan Reichle, T. Koppitz, and U. Reisgen - Brazing: An Important Joining Option
Brazing is compared to other joining methods considering the criteria of the application.
By C. Darling - The Effects of Adding Silver and Indium to Lead-Free Solders
Wettability, microstructure, and microhardness of lead-free solder are shown to improve with small alloy changes.
By I G. B. Budi Dharma et al. - Exploring Different Brazing and Soldering Methods
Furnace, dip, resistance, and torch methods of brazing and soldering are compared to see which is best for the job.
By J. Arnold et al. - Induction Soldering Gets Maglev Vehicle on Track
Soldering plays a critical role in the magnetic performance of the levitation system.
By K. H. Holko - How to Choose Nickel-Based Filler Metals for Vacuum Brazing
The efficiency and cost of making a brazement can depend on the right choice of filler metal.
By M. Weinstein et al. - Evaluating Margins of Safety in Brazed Joints
Load-bearing capabilities of brazed joints are evaluated to determine margins of safety in the design criteria.
By Y. Flom et al. - Solving the Problems Inherent to Torch Brazing Aluminum
The inherent problem with flux, filler metal, and techniques when brazing aluminum are addressed.
By K. Allen - Soldering Silver to Aluminum and copper for Cryogenic Applications
A new approach to soldering cryogenic evaporators may be a solution to microprocessor cooling.
By L. A. Shapiro - Testing Sinter Braze Integrity Using Resonant Inspection
The resonant acoustic method of nondestructive testing proves reliable in determining the integrity of sinter brazed powder metal parts.
By R. W. Bono - Effects of Joint Clearance on the Capillary Rise of a Molten Filler Metal
Some simple calculations help to explain the effects of joint clearance during brazing.
By M. J. Kuta - Comparing Metal-Ceramic Brazing Methods
This article will familiarize you with the brazing methods commonly used to join metals to ceramics and outlinje the advantaes and disadbantges of each.
By C. A. Walker and V. C. Hodges - AWS Breaks New Ground with Soldering Specification
A short synopsis is provided of AWS's first specification to specifically address soldering technology.
By P. T. Vianco - Head to Orlando for the Latest in Brazing and Soldering
Preview the highlights of next year's International Brazing & Soldering Conference. - Amorphous Filler Metals Offer Great Potential for Joining Magnesium Alloys
Filler metals based on Zn-Mg-Al possess metallurgical properties that make them good candidates for brazing magnesium-based alloys.
By S. Muecklich et al. - Joining of High-Strength Aluminum-Based Materials with Tin-Based Solders
Their low melting point makes tin-based solders well suited for soldering aluminum matrix composite materials.
By S. Weis et al. - A Look at the Development of Magnesium-Based Filler Metals
Lap joints in magnesium-based alloys were produced and tested using an assortment of ternary alloys as filler metals with a range of fluxes.
By K. Bobzin et al. - Advantages of Flux Cored Alloys for Open Air Brazing
Flux cored alloys reduce brazing process times and safety environmental concerns while improving braze joint quality and strength. - Environmental Mandates and Soldering Technology: The Path Forward
Environmental legislation from around the world is the driver in advancing lead-free soldering technology.
By P. T. Vianco - Advancing the Science of Automatic Brazing
Take a look at the evolution of automatic brazing machines from early designs to the high-speed, precision machines of today.
By R. Lohrey and G. Stout - Determining Solder Alloy and Base Metal Compatibility
Testing for compatibility with new materials and processes can be accomplished with simple tests.
By A. E. Shapiro - Brazing Ceramic to Stainless Steel Enhanced by Surface Modification
A unique method of joining shows promise to increase joint strength and reduce process time.
By Kyu-Yong Lee - Brazing Titanium for Structural and Vehicle Applications
Vacuum brazing was investigated as a cost-effective option in joining titanium in areas that are difficult to access for welding.
By K. J. Doherty et al. - A Study on the Effect of Brazing Time on Element Diffusion
To learn more about the formation of brittle joints, filler metal diffusion into the base metal was examined.
By S. K. Gupta et al. - Advancements in Flux Cored and Flux Coated Brazing Products
There are production advantages to using flux cored and flux coated brazing materials
By D. Harris - The Brazer's Question: Paste or Preforms?
Take a look at the pros and cons of using different forms of filler metal
By K. Allen and S. L. Feldbauer - Challenges in Attaining Lead-Free Solders
Finding a single lead-free solder that is universally accepted has been somewhat difficult, but the search continues
By P. Baskin - Comparison of Braze and Solder Materials for Joining Titanium to Composites
The shear strength and load-carrying capabilities of a titanium
By G. N. Morscher et.al. - Soldering Aluminum Matrix Composites
A tin-based solder was reinforced with ceramic particles to improve the mechanical properties of the joint
By B. Wielage et.al. - Brazing Magnesium Alloys and Magnesium Matrix Composites
New interest in brazing magnesium has arisen because of the material's use in automotive and aerospace parts
By A. E. Shapiro - Brazing in Space: Enabling the Next Frontier
Vacuum brazing shows promise for assembling large truss structures during future space missions
By Y. Flom - Controlled Atmospheres for Bright Brazing
Furnace brazing is often the best option for medium and large production runs
By P. F. Stratton and A. McCracken - Modern Brazing of Stainless Steel
Brazing stainless steel becomes more economical and efficient with the use of advanced furnace design and control
By Stephen L. Feldbauer - Manufacture of Braze and Solder Alloy Powders by Atomization
A key component in the success of brazed or soldered joints is how the alloy is made and the quality it brings to the process
By Dientje Fortuna
The following articles from the Welding Journal are only available in printed archives
- State-of-the-Art of Titanium-Based Brazing Filler Metals
Welding Journal, October(2003), pp. 36-43.
A. Shapiro and A. Rabinkin - Recent Development in METGLAS® Alloy Brazing Foil Applications
Welding Journal, 10, 39(1989).
A. Rabinikin - New Applications for Rapidly Solifidied Brazing Foils
Welding Journal, 10, 68, pp. 39-45.
A. Rabinikin - Effects of Load on Brazing with METGLAS® MBF-2005 and BCuP-5 Filler Metals
Welding Journal, 67, N5, 33(1988).
A. Rabinikin, S. Pounds - Stability to Aging of Copper-to-Copper Joints Brazed with METGLAS® MBF-2005 and BCuP-5 Filler Metals
Welding Journal, 67, 10, 29 (1988).
A. Rabinikin - Rapidly Solidified Copper-Phosphorus Base Brazing Foils
Welding Journal, 63, October, 14 (1984).
A. Rabinikin, A. Datta, and D. Bose
Welding Journal Research Supplements
- Development of Flux and Filler Metal for Brazing Magnesium Alloy Az31B
March, 2005. PDF document, 274K
By T. Wantanabe - Activated Diffusion Brazing Technology for Manufacture of Titanium Honeycomb Structures - A Satistical Study
March, 2004. PDF document, 270K
By X. Huang - Prediction of the Fillet Mass and Topology of Aluminum Brazed Joints
March, 2004. PDF document, 373K
By D.P. Sekulic - Flaw Tolerance in Lap Shear Brazed Joints
January, 2004. PDF document, 265K
By Y. Flom - The High-Temperature Wetting Balance and the Influence of Grit Blasting on Brazing of IN718
October, 2003. PDF document, 512K
By H. D. Solomon, R. E. DeLair, and J. Thyssen - Brazing Stainless Steel Using a New MBF-Series of Ni-Cr-B-Si Amorphous Foil Not online
Welding Journal, v 77, No. 2, pp. 66s-75s (1998).
A. Rabinikin, E. Wendski and A. Ribaudo. - High Strength Nickel-Palladium-Chromium Brazing Alloys Not online
Welding Journal,64, 23-s (1985).
A. Rabinikin, A. Datta, D. Bose, N. DeCristofaro
